Three-dimensional (3-D) images have recently received wide attention in the medical and industrial applications. The research involves the development of a non-invasive contour capturing method for facial surfaces using the structured light technique. The research focuses on how the images are obtained using the structured light optic system and the subsequent image processing of data to give a realistic 3-D image. The image processing and feature extraction steps in the structured light system produce a binary image consisting of single pixel width pattern of the structured light, which show where the projected lines are. But the contours of the objects mean that certain parts of the projected grid can not be seen on the captured image (dead shadow areas) and breaks occur in the projected grid itself around the holes or sharp edges. In order to produce a 3-D data set, all of the projected lines must be perfectly formed, of single-pixel thickness and be continuous. The grid lines are interpreted and decisions must be made as to whether any given pixel belongs to which line. The algorithms attempt to provide solutions for both noise and breaks and to fill the disconnected areas.

Following the image processing steps on the structured light image, we have a binary image consisting of single pixel width pattern which shows where the projected lines are. The contours of subject surface mean that certain parts of the projected grid can not be seen on the captured image (dead shadow areas) and breaks occur in the projected grid itself around the sharp edges or holes. In order to produce a 3-D data set, all of the lines must be perfectly formed, of single-pixel thickness and be continuous. In this paper, the grid lines are interpreted and decisions must be made as to whether any given pixel belongs to which line. The main stage involved in this procedure is tracing. A novel approach of loop tracing introduced to overcome the problems encountered. As a pre-processing required before matching, the pixels detected during the feature extraction process are grouped into continuous lines using the tracing algorithms. These algorithms exploit the fact that the projected pattern was continuous, and allow us to recover the structured light image.

This study was conducted during summer and winter of 2018- 2019 in the agricultural research field of Shahid Chamran University. Experimental design was split- plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main plot was the type of agricultural system in three levels including conventional (Conv), organic (Org) and sustainable (Sust) (integrated between Conv and Org) and sup- plot was the type of pre- cultivated crop in sequence with wheat including cultivation of mung bean (M- W), corn (C- W), sesame (S- W) and fallow (F- W). Yield quantity (yield and its component) and quality (grain protein), an estimate of photosynthesis matter transfer index of wheat and soil organic carbon (SOC) after one double-cropping were measured. The result showed that the highest (545.04 g/m2) and the lowest (409.28 g/m2) seed yields were obtained in Conv and Org respectively. In contract, with the changing type of system from Conv to Org, grain protein was increased significantly (from 8.3 to 9.6 %). In addition, the highest (535.47 g/m2) yield of wheat was obtained from M- W double cropping. On the other hands the highest remobilization and current photosynthesis matter were obtained in the organic agricultural system with M- W and conventional with M- W double cropping. The situation of SOC showed that the highest (33.18 mg/g) SOC was obtained in the organic agricultural system with C- W double cropping. The reason for improving SOC in the organic and sustainable agricultural system was application of organic matter (compost and vermicompost) and crop residue management. Totally, from the crop ecology point of view, sustainable agricultural method with a sequence of M- W was the most desirable system.

The word tensegrity is a contraction of tensional integrity. In simple structural terms, tensegrity systems are self-stressed pin-jointed networks. Each node receives at least one strut compression member) and three cables (tension members). Tension members are thus prestressed against adjoining compression members. This is a pure form of tensegrity where only compression and tension members co-exist to form free-standing structures requiring minimum anchorage system compared with conventional types of structures. Double layer tensegrity systems are interesting because the compression members are relatively short, making the network quite rigid and compact. In the non-prestressed state, the system could be easily deployed. The present paper reviews limited research so far conducted at Coventry University on double layer tensegrity networks. It also reviews future directions in research into this fascinating field that has yet to be fully explored and exploited to find proper applications for it in the civil engineering discipline.      

Restructuring and deregulation have changed the power system planning and have introduced new objectives and challenges، especially in the field of Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP). On the other hand، the growing demand and shortage of energy and investment resources have caused special attention to the Demand Response (DR) programs. In this paper، dynamic multi-objective transmission expansion planning is carried out under reliability constraints in the market environment and the presence of demand bidding programs and price responsive bids. The novelties of this paper include the participation of demand bidding (DB) programs and price responsive bids in transmission expansion planning، new wholesale electricity market modeling considering the direct participation of DB programs and price responsive bids and finding the optimum amount of DB programs in each year in individual buses. These data can be sent as a signal to the DR suppliers from the market regulated entity to be considered in their long term planning. The proposed algorithm is implemented on the IEEE 24-bus network and its advantages، including reducing the investment cost and congestion and increasing the reliability، are shown.

In this paper, the robust stability analysis and stability bound improvement of perturbed parameter (e) in singularly perturbed systems are considered, using linear fractional transformations and structured singular values (m) approach. In this direction, by introducing the parametric and dynamic uncertainty in the singularly perturbed systems, the mentioned system is rewritten as a standard p,-interconnection framework by using linear fractional transformations. Also, a set of new stability conditions for the system is derived in the frequency domain. The exact solution of g-bound is characterized. It is shown that the g-bound obtained through this approach is larger compared to that of [1], in which only parametric uncertainty is considered. Simulation results show the efficiency of the approach.

In this paper, a simple structured light system is designed to produce the three-dimensional points cloud from the un-textured surfaces. The system consists of two cameras and a planer laser, in which the 3D contents are produced through the stereo images taken from the light reflected by the intersection of a planer laser and the 3D surface of an object. There was no control over how the laser swept through the surface and the instantaneous parameters of the laser plane were not known in advance. Considering the knowledge of the internal camera calibration parameters and the relative orientation of the stereo-pairs, the video captured by the cameras are normalized during the epipolar re-sampling process. Next, in each pair of simultaneous frames, the matched points located at the 3D section of the laser’s plane are then identified. During the simultaneous space intersection of the matched points, a constraint is applied to enforce the singularity of the covariance matrix of 3D points lie in the intersection of the laser's plane and the 3D surface of an object to ensure their co-planarity. By applying this statistical constraint, the precision of the surface 3D reconstruction was improved up to 41% in this structured light system.